Venus Victrix was a popular subject on Roman gems, especially those of chrome chalcedony. For the type see nos. 529 and 530 in M. Maaskant-Kleibrink, Catalogue of the Engraved Gems in the Royal Coin Cabinet, The Hague, which includes a list of examples in other collections. The back-view image of the goddess was popularized by Octavian, later called Augustus, who employed it on the reverse of a silver denarius minted around the time of the battle of Actium in 31 B.C.
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