Details
1014 in. (26 cm.) high
Provenance
Axel Guttmann (1944-2001), Berlin, acquired in Cologne, 1992 (Inv. no. AG359); thence by descent.
The Art of Warfare: The Axel Guttmann Collection, Part 2, Christie's, London, 28 April 2004, lot 127.
Private Collection, U.S, acquired from the above.
with Royal-Athena Galleries, New York (Ancient Arms, Armor, and Images of Warfare, 2004, no. 30).
Acquired by the current owner from the above, 2005.
Literature
H. Born, Restaurierung antiker Bronzewaffen: Sammlung Axel Guttmann, vol. II, Mainz am Rhein, 1993, no. VII.
M. Junkelmann, Römische Helme: Sammlung Axel Guttmann, vol. VIII, Berlin and Mainz, 2000, p. 13, pl. 4, foldout I.
R. Hixenbaugh, Ancient Greek Helmets: A Complete Guide and Catalog, New York, 2019, pp. 522, 708, no. H163.
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Lot Essay

According to R. Hixenbaugh (op. cit., p. 143), the Boeotian helmet constitutes the smallest typological group to survive from the ancient Greek world. The most canonical examples of the type feature a rounded dome and a large visor extending out at the front and back, mimicking a fabric cap (see no. H151 in Hixenbaugh, op. cit.; such helmets are also depicted worn by Macedonian horsemen on the so-called Alexander Sarcophagus in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, see fig. 102 in A. Stewart, Faces of Power: Alexander's Image and Hellenistic Politics). Other variations, such as the present example, borrow elements from other helmet types: the raised pediment over the brow recalls those seen on Attic helmets, while the pointed dome recalls examples of the Pilos type. In these variants, the visor is abbreviated, and hinges for cheek-guards provided the wearer additional protection. Boeotian helmets were favored by cavalrymen, as the open design afforded the rider an unobstructed view.

This helmet features a triangular pediment in repoussé above the brow, terminating in volutes at either side, and a broad flanged visor, on which an indecipherable inscription is preserved at the front. The conical dome is pierced at the apex for the attachment of a now-missing crest element. Hinges are preserved to the interior at either side, indicating that cheek-guards were once attached. For related examples, see p. 158, figs. 14–15 in A. Bottini et al., Antike Helme, and the example formerly in the Mougins Museum of Classical Art, no. H174 in Hixenbaugh, op. cit.

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