Hayashi Kodenji (1831-1915) studied the art of cloisonné making under Tsukamoto Kaisuke (1828-1887), who had in turn studied under Hayashi Shogoro, a direct pupil of Kaji Tsunekichi (b. 1803). Kaji had discovered the secret of cloisonné manufacture in 1838, and was retained by the daimyo of Owari, Tokugawa Keisho, in 1850. He is regarded as having laid the foundations of the cloisonné industry in Nagoya, and Hayashi Kodenj perhaps as the most brilliant of his successors.