This imposing canvas depicting Saint Sebastian bound for martyrdom appears to be a studio repetition of the picture acquired in 2009 for the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain. Barnes considers that work to have been painted by van Dyck soon after the version in the Alte Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich, which differs from the Escorial picture in the inclusion of a horseman behind the group on the right of composition (S. Barnes, Van Dyck, A Complete Catalogue of the Paintings, New Haven & London, 2004, p. 163, no. II. 17).
Notwithstanding the condition of the present canvas and interference from later hands, there are some conspicuously strong passages. One such example is in the soldier shown with his hand on Sebastian's head, whose own head is treated with a vigour characteristic of van Dyck’s technique soon after the artist's arrival in Italy and suggests the involvement of a highly talented assistant, if not the master himself.
As Barnes notes (ibid.), an unidentified painting of this subject by van Dyck was recorded in the Escorial by F. de los Santos in 1657. Interestingly, the measurements given by de los Santos of c. 210 x 168 cm. are closer in scale to the present work than that of the canvas now in the Escorial.