Details
PAUL OUTERBRIDGE JR. (1896-1958)
Leavenings, 1931
tirage argentique, monté sur support cartonné
numéroté '070' au crayon (montage, verso)
image/feuille : 21,6 x 15,9 cm. (812 x 614 in.)
montage : 40,6 x 31,8 cm. (16 x 1212 in.)
GELATIN SILVER PRINT, MOUNTED ON BOARD; NUMBERED '070' IN PENCIL (MOUNT, VERSO)
Provenance
Phillips, New York, Photographs, 28 avril 2005, lot 127
Acquis lors de cette vente par le propriétaire actuel
Literature
Elaine Dines and Graham Howe, Paul Outerbridge: A Singular Aesthetic, Photographs & Drawings 1921-1941 (Laguna Beach Museum of Art, 1981), pl.54, p.94.
Special notice
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Lot Essay

Paul Outerbridge Jr., photographe américain singulier a principalement travaillé dans la mode, l’illustration et la photographie de nus. Après une formation artistique à New York sous la coupe de Clarence Hudson White, il se fait connaître par la publication en 1921 de sa Table de cuisine dans Vanity Fair. La géométrie est soignée, avec des consonnances abstraites, et le cadrage serré. Il entame alors une carrière dans la photographie commerciale travaillant pour Vogue, Vanity Fair ou encore Harper’sBazaar. Amis des avant-gardes, notamment à Paris, où il côtoie Salvador Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, Constantin Brâncusi et Man Ray, Outerbridge s’inspire de ces milieux et y puise de nombreuses idées pour ses photographies.
Leavenings témoigne d’un instant singulier dans le processus de création artistique du photographe. Réalisée en 1931, cette œuvre est la dernière de son genre car l’artiste choisit à partir de cette date de ne se consacrer plus qu’exclusivement à la couleur. Ainsi, ce tirage vintage témoigne du savoir-faire de l’un des meilleurs techniciens de son époque. Outerbridge accordait une importance particulière au processus chimique du tirage. Leavenings évoque aussi un procédé chimique. Le premier plan de l’image est rigoureusement composé, les formes et les ombres sont nettes. L’élan vertical s’instaure avec le triangle de levure et la première bulle, les deux autres, plus légères, divaguent. Outerbridge joue de l’utopie de percevoir le travail de la chimie. La levure agit, il y a un avant et un après ; cependant, son mouvement reste de l’ordre de l’imaginaire ou de l’infiniment lent. Le photographe présente une image onirique d’un mouvement par essence invisible. Il expliquera sa vision : « C’est l’oeil et l’esprit, non l’instrument, qui créent l’art ; l’imagination et non les évènements qui fait l’image ».

Paul Outerbridge JR, one of the most refined of American photographers, focused principally on fashion, illustration, and the nude. After studying art in New York under Clarence Hudson White, he gained recognition when his Kitchen Table was published in VanityFair in 1921. This picture boasted a carefully planned geometry, with abstract harmonies, and a tight framing. Outerbridge then began a career as a commercial photographer, working for Vogue,Vanity Fair, and Harper’s Bazaar. As a friend of avant-garde artists – particularly in Paris where he rubbed shoulders with Salvador Dalí, Marcel Duchamp, Constantin Brancusi, and Man Ray – Outerbridge drew inspiration from this environment, developing many ideas for his own work.
Leavenings proved a turning-point in the photographer’s creative practice. This image, dating from 1931, is the last of its kind, as the artist chose to focus from that date on exclusively on his work in colour. This vintage print is thus a crowning testament to the skills of one of the finest photographers of his time. The chemical process in printing was of paramount importance to Outerbridge. Leavenings is also about a chemical process. In the foreground, the picture is arranged into a rigorous composition, with shapes and shadows clearly defined. The soaring verticality arises from the triangle of yeast and the first sphere, while the other two, lighter, float away. Outerbridge plays with the utopian idea of rendering chemical reactions visible. The yeast activates, with a clear before and a clear after, and yet its action is either imaginary or infinitely slow. The photographer presents a dreamlike picture of an intrinsically invisible movement. He explained his vision: “It is the eye and the mind, not the tool, which create art; it is the imagination, rather than the events, that makes the picture.”

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