Stephen Hawking (1942-2018).

‘The Boundary Conditions of the Universe.’ Extract from: Astrophysical cosmology; Proceedings of the Study Week on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, Vatican City State, September 28-October 2, 1981, pp.563-574. [Vatican City: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, 1982]. Provenance: from the estate of the late Professor Stephen Hawking.

Hawking’s application of a Euclidean approach to quantum gravity to alleviate the requirement to specify boundary conditions for the universe. He suggests that this approach explains: 1. Why the apparent cosmological constant is zero; 2. Why the universe is spatially flat; 3. Why the universe was in thermal equilibrium.

Octavo (240 x 168mm). Drophead-title, text-illustrations, one full-page. Stapled self-wrappers (punch holes).

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