185 a
“Apollo Spacecraft 020 Command Module is hoisted into position for mating with Service Module in the Kennedy Space Center’s Manned Spacecraft Operations Building. Spacecraft 020 will be flown on the Apollo 6 (Spacecraft 020/Saturn 502) unmanned, Earth-orbital space mission” (original NASA caption for S-68-17301, a variant of the photograph).
185 b
The Apollo 6 (Spacecraft 020/Saturn 502) unmanned space mission was launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The liftoff of the huge Apollo/Saturn V space vehicle occurred at 7:00:01.5 a.m. (EST), April 4, 1968. This rare photograph is a still reproduction of color motion pictures recorded by the movie camera.
185 c
“Three major problems occurred during the mission. Two minutes and five seconds after launch, the Saturn V structure underwent a severe pogo oscillation, without damage to the spacecraft structure. Due to a manufacturing flaw and unrelated to the pogo oscillations, structural panels were lost from the lunar module adapter. Finally, after the completion of first stage firing and part way through the second stage burn, two of the five second stage J-2 engines shut down prematurely. The planned 175 km circular Earth orbit was not achieved, instead, after completion of the third stage burn, the spacecraft was in a 172.1 x 223.1 km, 89.8 min orbit. After two orbits, the third stage failed to reignite as planned, so the Service Module propulsion system was used to boost the spacecraft to an apogee of 22,225.4 km, from which the planned lunar reentry simulation took place at 36,025 km/hr, slightly less than the planned velocity of 40,000 km/hr” (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDCA)).
185 d
Earth’s fragile atmosphere is captured in one of the first photographs returned from the unmanned capsule in its first orbit, an oblique view of the southwestern United States looking northward including Georgia, Tennessee, North and South Carolina from an altitude of 207 km. The previous pictures taken with the automatic camera were facing away from Earth and showed only the dark void of space.
“This photograph was taken using a J.A. Maurer model 220G camera with Eastman Kodak SO-121 high resolution aerial Ektachrome film (exposure setting of f: 5.6 at 1/500 sec.)” (NASA caption).