221 a
[NASA caption] This photograph is a view looking south toward the lunar horizon. The bright-rayed crater in the foreground is located at approximately 30°S latitude and 110°E longitude on the farside of the Moon. This is another example of a bright rayed crater which the astronauts photographed during the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. This type of feature readily stands out in the Apollo 8 photographs because it was photographed at a high Sun angle.

Anders already photographed this bright-rayed crater (photograph AS8-13-2327) during the previous revolution. The area photographed is on the northwestern shore of Crater Gagarin. Contrary to the coordinates indicated in the NASA caption, the latitude / longitude for this photograph is 19° S / 144° E.

From the mission transcript during the following revolution of the spacecraft around the Moon (orbit 6):

080:55:42 Lovell: Well, did you guys ever think that one Christmas you’d be orbiting the Moon? [...]
080:55:51 Anders: Just hope we are not doing it on New Year’s.
080:55:54 Lovell: Hey, hey, don’t talk like that, Bill; think positive.

221 b
An extremely rare photograph of the second Earthrise witnessed and photographed by humans taken with the 80mm lens through the spacecraft’s window.

077:43:46 Lovell: Bill, [garble]. Do you know I can see the horizon? Can you see the horizon?
077:43:59 Anders: Pitch up?
077:44:00 Lovell: Yes, pitch up to...
077:44:20 Borman: Pitch is about 50.
077:44:23 Lovell: Can you pitch up some more?
077:45:30 Lovell: No, that’s about right. Let’s take pictures of [garble]. You see the [garble] right there. [The crew probably talk about the Earth]
077:46:37 Borman: Houston, Apollo 8. How do you read?
077:46:40 Lovell: You have the [garble]?
077:46:43 Anders: Yes, I’ve got it over here.
077:46:45 Lovell: You’ve got it?
077:46:46 Anders: Here you go; I’ll pass [garble].[...]
077:48:14 Anders: Do you need any more film there, Jim?

“When I looked up and saw the Earth coming up on this very stark, beat-up lunar horizon, an Earth that was the only color that we could see, a very fragile-looking Earth, a very delicate looking Earth, I was immediately almost overcome by the thought that here we came all this way to the Moon, and yet the most significant thing we’re seeing is our own Home Planet, the Earth.”
William Anders (Poole, p. 2)

221 c
This oblique photograph of the northeastern portion of the Sea of Tranquillity taken between orbits 5 and 7 with the 250mm telephoto lens “looks generally northwest from the Apollo 8 spacecraft. The lower (nearest) linear feature is the Cauchy Scarp. The upper linear feature is the Cauchy Rille. The Prominent Crater Cauchy lies between the rille and the scarp” (NASA caption).

Cauchy is located at latitude / longitude 9.6°N 38.6°E. Taruntius F is in the lower right corner; Taruntius E in the right center. Each of the three prominent craters is 10 to 15 km (6 to 9 statute miles) across.

One of the major objectives of the mission was to return photography of the proposed Apollo landing areas, specifically around the Sea of Tranquillity which included two possible landing sites; unfortunately the fogging of the windows made it difficult for Anders to obtain many photographs of the sites themselves. However their observations favored Apollo landing site 2 in the Sea of Tranquillity for the lunar landing.

From the mission transcript during orbit 6:

080:09:45 Lovell: For Jack (Schmitt, astronaut-geologist who trained the crew before the mission)’s information, the Sun angles that we see now from the first IP (proposed landing site 1), second IP (proposed landing site 2 in the Sea of Tranquillity), and the P-1 are just right, I think, for landing conditions. The shadows aren’t too deep for you to get confused, but the land is - has texture to it, and there are enough shadows to make everything stand out.
080:10:01 Anders: If Jack’s listening, tell him that the optics may be doing all right, but the eyeballs are having a little trouble looking through all this smear on the windows.
080:10:25 Collins: Roger. Understand the optics are doing better than the eyeballs. How about the cameras?
080:10:33 Anders: The windows have the same smear to - The rendezvous windows are okay, but they’re so small and looking in the wrong directions here so far.
080:10:42 Collins: Roger.
080:10:43 Anders: I think the vertical stereo (photography scheduled on a later pass) will be okay. [Long pause.]
080:11:10 Anders: It certainly looks like we’re picking the more interesting places on the Moon to land in. The back-side looks like a sand pile my kids have been playing in for a long time. It’s all beat up, no definition. Just a lot of bumps and holes. [Pause.]
080:11:27 Lovell: I’m looking IP-2 (proposed landing site 2) right now, Houston, and it’s a great spot.
080:11:33 Anders: The area we’re over right now gives some hint of possible volcanic, though I can’t eyeball it at the moment to pin that down. There are some craters and build-ups that just definitely suggest volcanic activity.
080:11:52 Collins: Roger. Understand, Bill, and understand Jim thinks the ole IP-2 is a winner.
080:12:06 Anders: Yes, that backside doesn’t look good at all.
080:12:10 Collins: Roger. [Pause.]
080:12:15 Anders: That’s relatively speaking, of course.